Identifying Transitivity and Relating to The Theory
The clauses which I have chosen
to identify:
Is Her End in Her Beginning?
An Unsuspected Love
"For you must know that
the number of women who remain till a late age tenderly dependent on a paternal
object, or indeed on their real father, is very great" (p. II9). Now, when
investigating this intense and long-term fixation, one is led to "some surprising
facts," namely the importance, the persistence, the consequences . . .
of the phase of the girl's fixation to her mother, facts that we did not
know about. We Freud, that is. This "phase" may last beyond the
fourth year and "almost everything that we find later in her
relation to her father was already present in this earlier attachment and
has been transferred subsequently onto her father." So are we to
assume that the love and the desire for the father repeat and re-present those
felt for the mother, less something that would allow them to be
transferred and displaced? The origin of love and of desire would remain, implicitly,
linked to the mother. The primary set of metaphors for desire would indeed
appear to be correlated, according to Freud, with what he calls the
"maternal object." Not with the father as such, since the father merely
suffers the displacement of the libido. Nor with the relation between father
and mother, a man and a woman, and thus with sexual difference.
The Desire to Have a Child by the Mother
If, now, one investigates the
libidinal feelings of the little girl toward her mother, one finds that
"they are of very many different kinds" and persist through the three
'phases' of infantile sexuality" -taking on the characteristics of each
and expressing themselves by oral, sadistic-anal, and phallic wishes.
"These wishes represent active as well as passive impulses; if we relate
them to the differentiation of the sexes [?] which is to appear later-though we
should avoid doing so as much as possible-we may call them masculine and
feminine .... It is not always easy to point to a formulation of these early sexual
wishes; what is most clearly expressed is a wish to get the mother with child
and the corresponding wish to bear her child-both belonging to the phallic
period and sufficiently surprising, but established beyond doubt by analytic
observation" (pp. 119120)
(Speculum of The Other Woman,
Luce Irigaray, p.34-35)
I.
TRANSITIVITY
1. Is Her
End in Her Beginning? (Relational, Circumstance, Identifying)
Relational Pr: Identified Identifier
Identifying
2. "For you must
know that the number of women (Mental, Cognition)
Senser Mental Pr: Phenomenon
Cognition
3. (the number of women) who remain till a late age tenderly dependent
Carrier Relational Pr: Attribute
Attributive
on a paternal object, or indeed on their real
father (Relational, Circumstance,
Attributive)
4. that the number of women is very great (Relational, Intensive,
Attributive)
Carrier Relational Pr: Attribute
Attributive
5. one is led to "some surprising facts," namely the
importance, the persistence,
Goal
Process: Circumstance:
purpose
Material
the consequences . . . of the
phase of the girl's fixation to her mother, (Material)
6. (facts) that we did
not know about (Mental, Cognition)
Phenomenon Senser Mental
Pr:
Cognition
7. We Freud, that is (Relational)
Relational Pr
8. This "phase" may last beyond the
fourth year (Relational, Circumstance,
Carrier Relational Pr: Attribute
Attributive
Attributive)
9. almost
everything that we find later in
her relation to her father
Goal Actor Process: Circumstance:
matter
Material
(Material)
10. almost
everything was already present in this earlier attachment (Material)
Goal Process:
Material
11. almost
everything has been transferred subsequently onto her father (Material)
Goal Process:
Material
12. So are we to assume that the
love and the desire for the father
Process: Behaver Circumstance:
Behalf
Behavioural
repeat and re-present those
felt for the mother, less something that
would allow them to be transferred and displaced? (Behavioural)
13. the love and the desire for
the father repeat those felt
for the mother (Verbal)
Sayer Process: Receiver
Verbal
14. the love and the desire for
the father re-present those
felt for the mother
Sayer Process: Receiver
Verbal
(Verbal)
15. less
something that would allow them
to be transferred and displaced
Process: Goal
Material
(Material)
16. The origin of love and of
desire would remain, implicitly,
linked to the mother
Carrier Relational Pr:
Attribute
Attributive
(Relational, Intensive,
Attributive)
17. The primary set of metaphors for desire would indeed appear
Carrier Relational Pr:
Attributive
(Relational, Attributive)
18. with what he calls the "maternal object (Verbal)
Sayer Process:
Verbiage
Verbal
19. since the father merely
suffers the displacement of the libido (Behavioural)
Behaver Process:
Behavioural
20. one investigates the libidinal
feelings of the little girl toward her mother
Actor Process: Goal
Material
(Material)
21. one finds that they are of very many different kinds and
persist through the
Actor Process: Goal/
?
Material
three 'phases' of infantile sexuality (Material)
22. they are of very many different kinds (Relational,
Circumstance, Attributive)
Carrier Relational Pr: Attribute: Circums: Matter
Attributive
23. they persist through
the three 'phases' of infantile sexuality (Behavioural)
Behaver Process: Circums:
Means
Behavioural
24. These wishes represent active as
well as passive impulses (Verbal)
Sayer Process:
Verbiage
Verbal
25. we relate
them to the
differentiation of the sexes (Material)
Actor Process: Goal Circums:
purpose
Material
II.
RELATION TO THE THEORY
-
Translation
Wilss (1982) in Suryawinata and Lariyanto(2003:25)
states that translation is a transfer process which aims at the trans formationof
a written source language text (SLT) into an optimally equivalent target
language text (TLT), and which requires the syntactic, the semantic, the pragmatic
understanding and analytical processing of the source text.
-
Collocation
Based on Firth as cited by
Leon (2007:3), says Meaning by collocation is an abstraction at the syntagmatic
level and is not directly concerned with the conceptual or idea approach to the
meaning of words. One of the meanings of night is its collocability with dark,
and of dark, of course, collocation with night (Firth [1951] 1957:196).
From that theory I can say
that all the words consisted in clauses may be translated into some meanings
and it depends on its meaning of each language. In addition, collocation is important
in translating, because every language has their own natural and custom of
languange. From the clauses above, we can see that the word: ‘woman’ differs
from the word: ‘girl’. This happens because the author uses collocation in her
writing. In the custom of hers it is so obvious that the female which has been
adult and mature in human being called ‘woman’. Therefore, we translate to
Indonesia as ‘wanita’ not ‘perempuan’ or ‘istri’ or even ‘betina’any
more. On the other hand, we find also the word: girl having meaning ‘perempuan’. It is translated as ‘perempuan’ because if we say in
Indonesia anak perempuan kecil, in
English we frequntly find ‘little girl’ and seldom find ‘little woman’.
That, what I say above, relates to the qoute of
Manning (1999:142) collocations are
important for a number of applications:
1) Natural language generation (to make sure that the
output sounds natural and mistakes like powerful tea or to take a decision are
avoided)
2) Computational lexicography (to automatically
identify the importantcollocations to be listed in a dictionary entry)
3) Parsing (so that preference can be given to parses
with natural collocations)
4) Corpus linguistic research (for instance, the study
of social phenomena likethe reinforcement of cultural stereotypes through
language (Stubbs 1996)).
Benson et al (1985) as cited by Martyńska (2004:3)
divides kinds of collocation into two categories: lexical collocations and
grammatical collocations. We can find both of categories from the clauses
above:
-
must know (grammatical collocation)
-
love (lexical
collocation)
Work Cited:
Halliday, M.A.K. 1985. An Introduction to Functional Grammar. London: Edward Arnold Pty
Ltd
Suryawinata, Zuchridin & Sugeng Hariyanto . 2003. Translation Bahasan Teori & Penuntun Praktis Menerjemah.
Yogyakarta: Penerbit Kanisius
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